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Human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that targets CD4+ T-cells in humans. Expression of human t-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) enzymes requires two -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifts (PRFs). These events occur between the gag-pro and pro-pol open reading frames. Each frameshift site includes a heptanucleotide slippery sequence followed by a downstream structure, which act in cis to produce specific frameshift efficiencies....
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Intermediate to mafic intrusive rocks are exposed in the Mount Sneffels stock in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Debate over the timing of pluton emplacement in previous studies impeded an understanding of how this pluton fit into the regional magmatic history. Detailed field studies revealed that the pluton intruded adjacent Oligocene volcanic rocks of the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field. However, a previous K/Ar and fission track...
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The public perception of police is a common issue that law enforcement agencies across the nation are concurrently dealing with. The purpose of this research was to analyze reasons for the poor public perception of police, methods of improving perception and examining local attempts made by the Durango Police Department in this area. Through a review of the literature, historical and contemporary factors have been discovered for the current perception...
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Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was first observed less than a year after the development of methicillin in 1960. Since that time it has become an important nosocomial pathogen: the rate of hospital acquired MRSA infections is still on the rise and studies have shown that MRSA perseveres at acquiring antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the occurrence of infections caused by community acquired MRSA cases has increased in recent...
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A supernova explosion will exhibit a light curve distinct to each type after it fades away from peak irradiance. Supernovae are thus categorized by observable characteristics, namely, their light curves and spectrum. By carefully observing a supernova's light curve over a period of about two months, the type can be deduced. Using the Fort Lewis observatory, I attempted to formulate light curves for a few recently observable supernovae to see if...
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This thesis attempts to establish a distinct timeline in the development of the idea of Eugenics, which is the theory that a superior race of humans can be created through the manipulation of marriage, reproduction, and genetics. The most important changes in eugenic ideology occurred not in the 1900's, but between 1869 and 1883, the years between which Francis Galton published his theories on Eugenics. In 1869, Eugenics was simply a theory on how...
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Food insecurity is a problem that affects nearly a billion people around the world. This problem takes different form depending on economic, regional, and political factors. In developing regions of the world, it can take on the form of mass famine, undernourishment, and chronic hunger resulting death. In developed regions of the world, food insecurity appears as a lack of access to nutritious foods for certain populations, which often results...
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Bullying plagues schools across the United States. Day after day thousands of kids stay home from school, avoid people in the halls, and go home in tears because of kids in their school classified as bullies. There are many types and varieties of bullies and bullying but they all have the same outcome, a torn down individual. The biggest trouble with bullying is that it is different for every individual which is why schools have had such a hard time...
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In this work I consider two arguments for the conclusion that nonhuman animals are not owed justice. Some argue that justice is solely a matter of distributing material goods and that this excludes nonhuman animals from the sphere of justice. This argument fails for two reasons. First, even if it's true that justice is solely a matter of distributing material goods, it's not clear that it follows that nonhuman animals are not owed justice. Second,...
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I have written a creative thesis project, which is a section of a creative non-fiction memoir. The section includes a prologue and the first two chapters about the relationship with my grandmother. This memoir is an expansion of earlier forms that I have written in other course and is titled, Catching Up to the Dawn. Catching Up to the Dawn is about my earlier childhood to the present and the struggles I had with identity from growing up with an indigenous...
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Site 44FX0543, located in the western Piedmont region of Fairfax County at Ellanor C. Lawrence Park, has had a long debated function by archaeologists and historians. A problematic interpretation of the site function as an enslaved African American dwelling dating to an unknown temporal period of ownership was the result of misinterpretation of landscape, previous archaeological investigations, and the likely misinformation gained through second-hand...
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Thirty-Three historic structures in various stages of decay are all that remain of the gold mining
community of Summitville. Summitville, which is nestled in the mountains of southern
Colorado, was once known as one of the most productive gold mines in all of the state. This
community was organized into a Company Town in 1934. There have been no prior
archaeological investigations at this site, and, therefore, little is known about how far the
company...
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Bee species richness has declined globally in recent decades due to several intertwined factors. Urbanization has both positive and negative effects on bees, with species responses being highly trait- and scale-specific. Urban environments differ from natural environments in the types of habitat and food resources they provide, but they still have the potential to provide valuable habitat to increase bee abundance and diversity. Although research...
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Changing fire regimes raise concerns about increasing vulnerability of dry conifer forests in the southwestern United States. However, the extent to which contemporary fire regimes may have diverged from historical patterns and processes remains the subject of considerable uncertainty, and consequently, active scientific debate. At issue is the historical role and extent of high severity fire. Here, we contrast the frequency and severity of historical...
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A log encased in ferricrete 88.5 cm above the modern thalweg of Prospect Gulch yielded four possible radiocarbon dates, with the most probable (at 33.9%) being 1710.5 ± 14.5. An incision rate of 280 cm/ky was estimated. The incision rate for the Gunnison River basin is 253 cm/ky. Possible features that support our slightly higher incision rate are:
• Bedrock is made up of
highly fractured volcanic
rock
• Mining has stripped the
drainage...
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The Burro Canyon Formation in Lisbon Valley, UT forms excellent reservoirs and pathways for fluid storage and transport. Rock permeability is an important metric for geologists and society alike, as it controls the distribution of important resources like metals, petroleum, and water. Chief among these factors that determine permeability are the fractures within a rock. The spatial distribution of fractures is imperative in understanding how fluids...
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At the Lisbon Valley Mining Company (SE Utah), exploration for sedimentary-hosted copper deposits has used both conventional soil sampling and sampling of ant hills for surface geochemistry. Anthill prospecting is a sampling technique that exploits the ants’ natural sorting ability as they transport material from the subsurface. The data sets for each of these techniques can be compared using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate the...
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Monoclines on the Colorado Plateau are well understood in cross-section, but changes along strike are poorly understood. The Hogback monocline, on the Navajo Nation in northwest New Mexico, has multiple bends in map view. This study used geomechanical modeling (T7) and field data (fracture patterns) to explore the possible geometries of faults that created the bends. My research group hypothesized that under the Hogback monocline there are two possible...
