The Colorado Wickiup Project is documenting ephemeral wooden features such as wickiups; tree-platforms, and horse corrals that remain scattered throughout the mesas, canyons, and mountains of the state. Many date from after the arrival of European newcomers who brought with them a bounty of new things-horses, metal knives and axes, guns, and brightly colored glass beads-which were readily adopted by the Utes. The Project is unique in using the techniques of metal detection, historic trade ware analysis, and tree-ring dating of metal ax-cut wickiup poles to distinguish the Ute sites from historic Euro- American ones. Through this analysis, researchers have demonstrated that not all Utes left Colorado for the reservations in Utah during the "final removal" in 1881, as has been generally believed. A significant number remained on their homelands well into the early decades of the twentieth century, building brush shelters and living much as they had for generations, but with new tools and weapons. Ephemeral Bounty presents the results of this archaeological research and its important findings on the protohistoric and historic Ute Indians of Colorado.